For the CPU:
Using lscpu:
64bit
$ lscpu | grep op-mode
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
32bit
$ lscpu | grep op-mode
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit
or check /proc/cpuinfo for the tm/lm flags. If lm exists it supports 64bit. If only tm exists, it only supports 32bit.
64bit
$ grep -w lm /proc/cpuinfo
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 xsave lahf_lm dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 xsave lahf_lm dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority
32bit
$ grep -w lm /proc/cpuinfo
$ grep -w tm /proc/cpuinfo
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx constant_tsc arch_perfmon bts aperfmperf pni monitor vmx est tm2 xtpr pdcm dtherm
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx constant_tsc arch_perfmon bts aperfmperf pni monitor vmx est tm2 xtpr pdcm dtherm
For the O/S:
The architecture should be listed as x86_64 for 64bit or i686 for 32bit.
Using uname (-m or -p):
64bit
$ uname -m
x86_64
$ uname -p
x86_64
32bit
$ uname -m
i686
$ uname -p
i686
or using lscpu:
64bit
$ lscpu | grep -i arch
Architecture: x86_64
32bit
$ lscpu | grep -i arch
Architecture: i686
or using getconf:
64bit
$ getconf LONG_BIT
64
32bit
$ getconf LONG_BIT
32